NOTE: Gray indicates insufficient data or a suppressed estimate.
Zip codes in the eastern inland portions of the metro, particularly around Poway, Santee, and the large rural zones to the northeast, consistently exhibit U.S. citizenship rates above 95% among the adult population, while the lowest rates—falling below 80%—cluster in a corridor stretching from National City through parts of Chula Vista and into southern San Diego near the border. Coastal zip codes between Encinitas and central San Diego display moderate variation, with several pockets in the mid-80s to low-90s range, suggesting concentrations of non-citizen residents in urbanized coastal neighborhoods alongside higher-citizenship suburban areas. The sharpest contrasts occur within just a few miles of downtown San Diego, where adjacent zip codes can differ by 15–20 percentage points, reflecting the metro's highly localized patterns of immigrant settlement.
Data: U.S. Census Bureau, 2023 ACS
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